Causal Agent:
Calcium deficiency in the distal end of the fruit.

Distribution:
Worldwide

Symptoms:
The diagnostic symptom is a light tan lesion turning to a dark brown sunken area at the blossom-end of the fruit. The lesion typically enlarges and becomes more sunken and leathery, and is often accompanied by a dry rot. A black mold may grow on the surface of the lesion. Sometimes there is an internal black rot of tissue in the center of the fruit with little or no external symptoms. Normally, fruit that are about half-developed are the first to show symptoms.

Conditions for Disease Development:
In general, any soil or growing condition affecting the uptake of calcium may result in this disorder. Blossom-end rot often occurs during alternating periods of high and low soil moisture as well as rapid plant growth. Other conditions which could cause blossom-end rot include excessive soil salinity and root damage.

Control:
The use of tolerant varieties may help reduce the occurrence of this disorder. Applications of lime or calcium fertilizers before planting are commonly used to reduce the incidence of blossom-end rot. Irrigation during dry weather or applications of mulch to provide a constant moisture supply to the plant can help prevent this problem. 

Internal and external blossom-end necrosis.

Light brown tissue necrosis on        Black sunken lesion on the
the blossom-end.                                blossom-end.

The use of  excessive nitrogen, especially in the ammonium form should be avoided since this increases the demand for calcium by the plant and reduces the availability of calcium in the soil. Fields which are difficult to irrigate uniformly or those with high salinity should be avoided. Root injury caused by mechanical damage or disease can exacerbate this condition and should be avoided.